Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-Induced Ulcerative Colitis Model in Mice

Overview

Model Description	The DSS-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) model is a widely used experimental tool in research for mimicking the characteristics of human UC and studying its underlying causes and potential treatments. In this model, mice or rats are given DSS in their drinking water, which disrupts the colonic epithelial barrier and triggers inflammation, mirroring key aspects of UC pathology.
Model Characteristics	The DSS-induced ulcerative colitis model effectively replicates key pathological features of human UC, such as colonic epithelial damage, inflammatory cell infiltration, and ulcer formation. It is also known for its simplicity, low cost, and high reproducibility.
Model Applications	This model is widely used in the study of ulcerative colitis pathogenesis, drug screening, and evaluation of therapeutic strategies. It enables the identification and assessment of drugs or treatments with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, as well as the evaluation of their efficacy and safety. In addition, the DSS model is also applicable to the investigation of novel therapies such as gene therapy, stem cell therapy, and microbiota-based interventions.
Modeling Method	Animals are acclimated for about one week before induction. They then receive DSS solution as their sole drinking water for 5–7 days, with regular replacement to maintain concentration—every two days is recommended for mice. After DSS exposure, the solution can be replaced with normal drinking water for several days to monitor recovery, if desired.
Therapeutic Areas	Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Readouts	• Body weight change: Record the body weight of experimental animals daily to assess disease progression. A decrease in body weight typically indicates worsening of the disease. • Disease Activity Index (DAI): Score the animals based on a combination of weight loss, stool consistency, and presence of fecal blood to quantify disease severity. • Colon length: Measure the colon length after euthanasia. Shortening of the colon usually indicates the presence of inflammation. • Histopathology analysis: Collect colon tissues for H&E staining to evaluate the degree of inflammation and pathological changes. Microscopic examination reveals features such as colonic epithelial damage, inflammatory cell infiltration, and ulcer formation. • Inflammatory cytokine measurement: Assess the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 using ELISA or qPCR to evaluate the extent of the inflammatory response. • Intestinal permeability: Evaluate changes in intestinal permeability using methods such as FITC-dextran assay to reflect impairment of the intestinal barrier function.