Platform
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Biomarkers
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Species (Sample Type)
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ELISA
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Pancreatic Activity (Insulin, Glucagon, Amylase, Lipase)
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Mouse/Rat (plasma, serum)
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Adipokines (Leptin, Adiponectin, Resistin)
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Sexual Hormones (Testosterone, Estradiol)
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LC-MS/MS
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Gut Hormones (Total GLP-1, Active PYY, Acyl Ghrelin, Nesfatin-1)
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Rat (plasma, intestinal tissue)
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Bile Acids (TCA, DCA, LCA)
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Stress Hormones (Cortisol)
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Multiplex Immunoassay
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Inflammatory Cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-1β)
|
Mouse (serum, adipose tissue)
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Acute-Phase Proteins (CRP, SAA)
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Immune Mediators (IFN-γ, IL-10)
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Biochemical Assays
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Lipid Metabolism (HDL, LDL, Triglycerides, NEFA)
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Rat (plasma, liver homogenate)
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Glycemic Control (HbA1c, Fasting Glucose)
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Liver Function (ASAT, ALAT, Bilirubin)
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RNA Sequencing
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Adipogenesis (PPARγ, SREBP1, FABP4)
|
Mouse (BAT, liver, skeletal muscle)
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Thermogenesis (UCP1, PGC1α)
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Glucose Uptake (GLUT4, IRS1)
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Histology (IHC/IF)
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Adipose Morphology (Adipocyte Size, Lipid Droplet Distribution)
|
Rat/Mouse (adipose, liver, pancreas)
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Protein Localization (PPARγ, UCP1, Leptin Receptor)
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Inflammation Markers (F4/80, CD68)
|
Proximity Extension Assay
|
Neuroendocrine Factors (NPY, AgRP, α-MSH)
|
Mouse (hypothalamic tissue, CSF)
|
Growth Factors (BDNF, IGF-1)
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Receptor Analysis (Ghrelin Receptor, MC4R)
|
16S rRNA Sequencing
|
Gut Microbiota (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Akkermansia muciniphila, Lactobacillus spp.)
|
Rat/Mouse (feces, colon mucosa)
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Pathobionts (Enterobacteriaceae, Desulfovibrionaceae)
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Oxidative Stress Panel
|
Lipid Peroxidation (Malondialdehyde, 4-HNE)
|
Mouse (plasma, liver homogenate)
|
DNA Damage (8-OHdG)
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Antioxidants (SOD, GPx, Catalase)
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Radioimmunoassay (RIA)
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Pituitary Hormones (ACTH, TSH)
|
Rat (plasma, pituitary gland)
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Metabolic Regulators (C-Peptide, Free Fatty Acid Receptors)
|