Animal Models of Calcific Aortic Valve Disease

Animal models of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) are crucial preclinical platforms for investigating the pathophysiology of aortic valve calcification and for evaluating potential pharmacologic or interventional therapies. These models aim to recapitulate the key features of human CAVD, including valve thickening, fibrotic remodeling, lipid deposition, inflammatory cell infiltration, and progressive mineralization leading to aortic stenosis.

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These models reproduce hallmark lesions of CAVD, including endothelial disruption, subendothelial foam cell deposition, infiltration of macrophages and T lymphocytes, activation of valvular interstitial cells toward an osteogenic phenotype, and deposition of calcium phosphate crystals.

Preclinical Research Applications of Animal Models of CAVD

In preclinical cardiovascular research, CAVD models are widely used to test therapeutic candidates such as statins (to lower lipid burden), bisphosphonates (to inhibit mineral deposition), anti-inflammatory agents (e.g., IL-1 antagonists), and inhibitors of the Wnt/β-catenin or BMP signaling pathways. They also facilitate mechanistic studies on oxidative stress, microRNA regulation, and the role of mechanotransduction in valve calcification. Additionally, these models enable preclinical evaluation of novel bioprosthetic valve treatments and transcatheter interventions.

Animal Models of Calcific Aortic Valve Disease

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Animal Models of Calcific Aortic Valve Disease

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